出自UXGuide.net

应用程序界面及其内容

Application Screens and Their Contents

Every application, regardless of type, has an application window. Programmatically, the window provides the background on which you present all your application’s information. But users are not aware of this window; instead, they experience your application as a collection of screens through which they navigate.

无论是何种类型的应用程序，都会有一个应用程序窗口。通常还说，应用程序窗口为程序内的所有信息提供了一个背景平台。但是多数情况下，用户并不会意识到窗口的存在。取而代之的是，用户通过从一个页面切换到下一个页面来体验你的程序。

Although it’s not a programmatic construct, you can think of a screen as corresponding to a distinct visual state or mode in your application. Users can see individual screens when they navigate through an information hierarchy, tap different tabs in a tab bar, or tap an Info button to view flip-side configuration options.

这里所说的页面并非是一个具体的概念，你可以认为它就是应用程序里面一幅静态的画面或样式。当用户从上至下的浏览信息、点击不同的标签、或是点击按钮弹出配置页面，用户都将看到一个个独立的页面。

Depending on the style of your application, you might have a large number of screens or just a few. For example, Mail can display an accounts screen, screens that list the mailboxes in each account, screens that list the contents of each mailbox, and a screen for each message, in addition to a message composition screen. On the other hand, the Stocks application displays two screens: One screen displays a list of companies and a stock-performance graph and the second screen displays application configuration information.

你的页面数量可多可少，这是由你的应用程序类型所决定的。拿邮件系统来讲，邮件系统会有账号界面，用于显示对应于不同账号的邮箱。会有页面用于显示邮箱中的邮件，还会有界面显示每个邮件中具体的邮件内容，再加上一个撰写邮件界面。如果是股票应用程序的话就会有两个页面，一个页面用于显示各个公司的名称以及对应的股票走势图，另一个页面用于应用程序配置。

For the most part, users think of an application screen and the device screen as identical. However, an application screen’s content can extend beyond the bounds of the device screen, requiring users to scroll. For example, the Contacts screen is a single screen in the Phone application, even though it’s likely to list enough names to fill the device screen several times over.

多数情况下，用户认为应用程序页面和设备页面是相同的。其实不然，应用程序界面完全可以超出设备界面的范围，而这个时候，用户就要滚动页面以看到整个页面内容。举例来说，手机中的联系人页面是一个很简单的界面，即便如此也是需要多个设备页面才能完全显示所有的联系人。

Each application screen can contain various combinations of views and controls. Some views include specific controls that do not belong anywhere else, and some controls can be used in a variety of views.

每个应用程序界面都包含了各种各样的视图和控件。一些视图中有自己独有的控件，而一些控件则可应用于多个视图中。

Alerts, action sheets, and modal views are distinct types of views that do not exist in an application screen like most other views; instead, they float above application screens and their views. See “Alerts, Action Sheets, and Modal Views” for more information about these views.

Alerts、Action Sheets和Modal的视图与出现在应用程序中的其他视图不同。他们的视图浮现于应用程序之上。关于这些视图的更多信息，参见“Alerts、Action Sheets和Modal的视图”。

Four types of views have special status in the user interface of an application, although they do not need to be included or always be visible in every application. These are:

在应用程序的界面中，有四种视图有着特殊的状态。虽然这些视图并非在所有的应用程序中都出现或可见，我们这里还是把他们都列举出来：

• The status bar. This is a unique view that isn’t technically part of the application window, although an application can customize the appearance of the status bar to some extent. See “The Status Bar” for more information.

状态栏。虽然应用程序可以在一定程度上自定义状态栏的外观，这个独特视图并非是常规应用程序窗口中的一部分。详情参见“状态栏”。

• The navigation bar. This optional view appears just beneath the status bar and can include titles, buttons, and segmented controls. See “Navigation Bars” for more information.

导航栏。这个可选的控件出现在状态栏之下，可以包含标题、按钮、分割控件。详情参见“导航栏”。

• The tab bar. This optional view appears at the bottom edge of a screen and contains segments that activate different modes in the application. See “Tab Bars” for more information.

标签栏。这个可选控件出现于应用程序的页面底部，用于切换程序的不同状态。详情参见“标签栏”。

• The toolbar. This optional view appears at the bottom edge of a screen and includes controls that perform specific actions in the current context of the application. See “Toolbars” for more information.

工具栏。这个可选控件出现于应用程序的页面底部，包含了可对当前页面尽心操作的各种控件。详情参见“工具栏”。

Figure 5-1 shows three of these views in an application screen. Note that if this application used a toolbar, it would appear in place of the tab bar.

图5-1显示了以上视图中的其中三个。在这个应用程序中，工具栏是在标签栏之内显示的。

Figure 5-1  An application screen that contains a status bar, a navigation bar, and a tab bar
图5-1 一个包含了状态栏、导航栏、标签栏的应用程序页面

In an application that displays some combination of these four views, you can think of the area between the bottom of the navigation bar and the top of the toolbar or tab bar as the content area. In this area, an application screen can contain arbitrary views to display content, such as table views, web views, and image views. Figure 5-2 shows examples of two of the content-area views available in iPhone OS: a style of table view and image views. To learn more about the behavior and appearance of some of these views, in addition to the controls associated with them, see “Table Views, Text Views, and Web Views.”

在一个包含了这4个视图的界面中，可以将导航栏之下，工具栏之上的部分定义为内容区域。在该内容区域内，应用程序可以包含任意的视图来展现内容，如表格、网页以及图片等。图5-2显示了两个iPhone OS中的内容区域：一种表格和图片。想要了解更多的关于这些视图的外观和行为方式，以及和它们相关联的空间，参见“表格、文字和网页”。

Figure 5-2  Two types of content-area views
图5-2 两种在内容区域中的视图

As mentioned above, there are some controls that are available only in specific views. An example of such a control is the disclosure indicator, which has a specific use in a table view. You can see an example of the disclosure indicator (it looks like >) in the left-hand list in Figure 8-1. These controls are described in the sections that cover their associated views. In addition to these, however, there are a handful of controls, such as the detail disclosure indicator, that have a wider usage. See “Application Controls” for more information on the controls available to you.

正像之前所提到的，这些都是在特定的视图中才会出现的控件。扩展指示控件就是其中在表格中有着特殊用途的一个。你可以在图8-1左手边上看到扩展指示控件（看起来像>）。这些控件都在与他们相关的视图部分中讲到。除此之外，还有更多被广泛使用的控件，如细节指示控件。详情参见“应用程序控件”。