出自UXGuide.net

易于使用

Ease of Use

An easy-to-use program offers a compelling, intuitive experience for the user. It offers elegant solutions to complex problems and has a well thought out interface that uses familiar paradigms. It is easy to install and configure because it makes intelligent choices for the user, but it also gives the user the option to override those choices when needed. It presents the user with tools that are relevant in the current context, eliminating or disabling irrelevant tools. It also warns the user against performing dangerous actions and provides ways to undo those actions if taken.

易于使用的程序给用户以引人注目的，直观的用户体验。这些程序让复杂的问题变得简单，并且具有经过深思熟虑的用户接口，很容易安装和配置，因为它已经为用户做出了智能的选择，但是用户也可以做出自己的选择。它能够在游戏中只显示和当前上下文有关的部分，而隐藏或者关掉那些不相关的部分。它能够在用户做一些危险的操作时给出警告，并且可以撤销已经实施的操作。

Here are some guidelines to keep in mind when designing for ease of use:

下面是和易用性有关的一些准则：

• In your user interface, use metaphors that represent concrete, familiar ideas. Make your metaphors obvious so that users can more easily apply a set of expectations to the computer environment. For example, Mac OS X uses the metaphor of file folders for storing documents. For more information, see “Metaphors.”

尽可能的使用隐喻来表示一些熟悉的概念。当用户一看到您的隐喻时就对计算机的环境有一个大概的映像。例如，Mac OS X 使用文件夹的隐喻来保存文档。更多信息请参考“隐喻”。

• Focus on solutions, not features. Avoid adding features solely for competitive reasons. Make sure every feature offers real benefit to your users. See “Making Design Decisions” for additional information.

关注解决问题的方法而不是功能。避免仅仅因为市场竞争的原因加入新功能。确保程序的每个功能都能够给您的用户带来收益。 更多信息请参考“做出设计决定”一节。

• Make sure your packaging clearly indicates the system requirements and contains everything the user needs to get started immediately. See “Packaging” for more information.

确保您的程序的安装包清晰的标明了对系统的要求，并且已经包括了使用程序所需要的一切资源。更多信息请参考“程序包”。

• Establish intelligent default settings for your program. Avoid requiring a lengthy configuration process. Consider providing a setup assistant if you need information from the user (see “Setup Assistants” for more information). Provide your users with appropriate initial settings and give them the option to change those settings using preferences or options panels.

提供足够智能化的默认设置。避免冗长的配置过程。如果您需要从用户那获取一些信息，可以考虑提供一个配置助手（更多信息请参考 “配置助手”）。为您的用户提供合适的初始配置并允许他们在偏好设置选项里面更改这些配置。

• Try not to overwhelm users by presenting too much information at once. Use progressive disclosure to reveal information as it is needed and give users the option to hide information they don’t consider useful. See “Managing Complexity in Your Software” for additional information.

避免一次给用户传达大量的信息，而是在需要时逐渐显示给用户，并且允许用户隐藏掉他们认为没用的信息。更多信息请参考“管理您的软件的复杂度”。

• Bundle your application. Application bundles are the preferred mechanism for software distribution. They simplify installation and are easy to move around in the Finder. See Bundle Programming Guide for guidelines on how to support bundles.

以程序包的形式发布您的程序。程序包是推荐的软件分发机制，因为其简化了安装过程并且很容易在 Finder 中拖动。关于怎样支持程序包的指导手册请参考程序包编程指南。

• If you are a hardware developer, support published standards for plug-and-play hardware. Mac OS X supports many published hardware standards for USB and FireWire devices such as mice, keyboards, and hard drives. If you follow these standards, new devices should “just work” when plugged into the computer and not require custom device drivers. See I/O Kit Fundamentals for information on built-in driver support.

如果您是一个硬件的开发人员，则尽量让你的即插即用硬件支持那些公开的标准。Mac OS X 支持很多 USB 和火线上公开的的硬件标准，如鼠标，键盘以及硬盘等。如果您符合这些标准，则您的新的硬件插到就计算机就可以使用而无需定制设备驱动。关于内建的驱动支持请参考 I/O Kit 基础。

• Avoid the assumption that a single user is logged in and that the current user has access to the console. Fast user switching means that multiple instances of your application could be running simultaneously. Your application should be ready to handle this situation appropriately. See Multiple User Environments for information on how to operate safely when fast user switching is enabled.

不要假设计算机上只有单个用户登入，而且当前用户能够访问终端。快速用户切换意味着您的程序可能有多个实例在同时运行。您的程序应该合理的处理这种情况。关于快速用户切换开启时怎么安全处理这种情形的信息请参考多用户环境。

• Provide useful error messages to users when something does go wrong. An error message should clearly convey what happened, why it happened, and the options for proceeding. Offer a workaround if one is available and do whatever you can to prevent the user from losing any data. See “Alerts” for more information on how to provide useful error messages.

提供有意义的出错信息。错误信息应该清楚地说明发生了什么事情，为什么为发生，以及用户接下来能做些什么。如果可能的话提供一个替代方案，并且尽一切可能防止用户数据的丢失。关于如何提供有效的错误提示的更多信息请参考“告警”一节。

• Use display names in your user interface in place of raw pathnames and filenames. Display names take into account the user’s established language preferences and filename extension preferences. See File System Overview for more information on display names and guidelines on how to support them.

使用显示名而不是原始的路径名和文件名。显示名会考虑到用户的语言环境和文件扩展名设置。关于显示名以及怎样在您的程序中支持显示名的更多信息请参考文件系统概述。

• Let users explore the features of your application without causing irreversible damage to their data. Support features such as Undo and Redo. You might also want to support a Revert feature for files.

让用户可以尝试程序的新功能而不用担心毁坏数据。在程序中支持撤销和重复操作的功能，对于文件您可能需要支持恢复功能。

• Internationalize your software. Provide localized versions whenever possible. Users feel more comfortable using a program that is in their native language. See “Internationalization” for additional information.

提供国际化支持。尽可能的提供程序的本地化版本。使用母语语言的程序对用户来说更为愉快。更多信息请参考“国际化”。

• Make your application accessible to people with disabilities. Assistive applications interact with your application and allow people with disabilities to use it. Although much support for accessibility is provided automatically by the system, there are things you can do to improve that support. See Getting Started With Accessibility for an overview of available information.

支持具有身体缺陷的人士。辅助程序能和您的程序交互从而允许有障碍的人士也能够使用您的程序。尽管很多辅助功能都有系统自动提供，但是您仍然可以做一下工作以让您的程序支持得更好。更多信息请参考辅助功能初步。

• Provide appropriate documentation for your software. Apple Help is an HTML-based help system that lets you integrate documentation into your application. See Apple Help Programming Guide for information on how to incorporate Apple Help into your applications.

提供帮助文档。Apple 帮助系统是一个基于 HTML 的帮助系统，能够让您将帮助文档集成到您的程序中。关于 Apple 帮助的具体信息，请参考 Apple 帮助系统编程指南。

For high-level information on designing an easy-to-use interface, see “Human Interface Design Principles.”

关于设计易于使用的用户接口的更高层的信息，请参考“人机接口设计准则”。