出自UXGuide.net

Apple 人机接口设计指南介绍

Introduction to Apple Human Interface Guidelines

目录 1 Apple人机接口设计指南 What Are the Apple Human Interface Guidelines? 2 谁应该阅读本文档 Who Should Read This Document? 3 本文档的组织结构 Organization of This Document 4 本文档的一些习惯用法 Conventions Used in This Document 5 参考See Also 6 注释与引用

Apple has the world’s most advanced operating system, Mac OS X, which combines a powerful core foundation with a compelling user interface called Aqua. With advanced features and an aesthetically refined use of color, transparency, and animation, Mac OS X makes computing even easier for new users, while providing the productivity that professional users have come to expect of the Macintosh. The user interface features, behaviors, and appearances deliver a well-organized and cohesive user experience available to all applications developed for Mac OS X.

Mac OS X 是世界上最先进的操作系统，不仅具有强大的核心功能，同时也拥有引人注目的用户接口─ Aqua。通过先进的功能以及颜色、透明度、动画效果的使用，Mac OS X 不仅使得对于初学者来说，计算机更加易用，而且为已经是 Macintosh 专家的熟练用户提供高效的生产率。用户接口的功能、行为、外观使得所有 Mac OS X 的程序能够提供统一的、有吸引力的用户体验。

These guidelines are designed to assist you in developing products that provide Mac OS X users with a consistent visual and behavioral experience across applications and the operating system. Following the guidelines is to your advantage because:

本指南能够帮助您的产品针对 Mac OS X 的用户提供跨操作系统和跨程序的统一的外观和行为。遵守该指南您可以获得如下好处：

1. Users will learn your application faster if the interface looks and behaves like applications they’re already familiar with.
   用户可以更快的熟悉您的程序，如果您程序的用户接口和用户熟悉的程序界面和行为都很相似的话。
2. Users can accomplish their tasks quickly, because well-designed applications don’t get in the user’s way.
   用户能够使用您的程序快速地完成任务，因为良好设计的程序不会妨碍用户。
3. Users with special needs will find your product more accessible.
   某些特定需求的用户会发现您的产品很方便。
4. Your application will have the same modern, elegant appearance as other Mac OS X applications.
   您的程序具有和别的 Mac OS X 程序同样时髦的，雅致的界面。
5. Your application will be easier to document, because an intuitive interface and standard behaviors don’t require as much explanation.
   您的程序的文档工作将很轻松，因为直观的接口和标准的行为无须过多的解释。
6. Customer support calls will be reduced (for the reasons cited above).
   客户请求支持的电话将大大减少（同样因为上述原因）。
7. Your application will be easier to localize, because Apple has worked through many localization issues in the Aqua design process.
   您的程序可以很容易的被本地化， 因为 Apple 已经解决了 Aqua 设计过程中大部分的本地化问题。
8. Media reviews of your product will be more positive; reviewers easily target software that doesn’t look or behave the way “true” Macintosh applications do.
   您的产品在媒体中的评价更为积极；评论者很可能会嘲笑那些界面和行为不是“真正”的 Macintosh 程序的程序。

The implementation of Apple’s human interface principles make the Macintosh what it is: intuitive, friendly, elegant, and powerful.

总之，Apple 人机接口的实现原则使得 Macintosh 更为直观、有好、雅致并且具有强大的功能。

Apple人机接口设计指南

What Are the Apple Human Interface Guidelines?

This document is the primary user interface documentation for Mac OS X. It provides specific details about designing for Aqua compliance in Mac OS X version 10.6, although some of the information may apply to previous versions of Mac OS X.

本文档是关于 Mac OS X 用户接口的基础文档。它提供了在 Mac OS X 10.5^[1] 中设计 Aqua 兼容的用户接口的具体细节，有些细节也适用于以前版本的 Mac OS X 系统。

Aqua is the overall appearance and behavior of Mac OS X. Aqua defines the standard appearance of specific user interface components such as windows, menus, and controls, and is also characterized by the anti-aliased appearance of text and graphics, shadowing, transparency, and careful use of color. Aqua delivers standardized consistent behaviors and promotes clear communication of status through animated notifications, visual effects, and more. Designing for Aqua compliance will ensure you provide the best possible user experience for your customers.

Aqua 是 Mac OS X 界面和行为的综合，其定义了特定用户接口组件的标准外观，如窗口，菜单和控件等，并且具有抗锯齿的字体，图形，阴影，透明和精心设计的颜色使用等特征。Aqua 定义了组件标准化的行为，并通过带动画效果的通知，可视化效果等增强了状态交互的清晰度。Aqua 兼容的设计将确保您的客户获得良好的用户体验。

Aqua is available to Cocoa, Carbon, and Java software. For Cocoa and Carbon application development, Interface Builder is the best way to begin building an Aqua-compliant graphical user interface. If you are porting an existing Mac OS 9 application to Mac OS X, see the Carbon Porting Guide. Java developers can use the Swing toolkit, which includes an Aqua look and feel in Mac OS X.

Aqua 在 Cocoa，Carbon 和 Java 中均可用。对于 Cocoa 和 Carbon 的程序开发来说，Interface Builder 是开始构建 Aqua 兼容的图形用户接口的最好方式。如果您是将 Mac OS 9 的应用程序移植到 Mac OS X 上，请参考 Carbon 移植指南。Java 开发者可以使用 Swing 工具包，该工具包在 Mac OS X 能够提供 Aqua 兼容的视觉效果。

谁应该阅读本文档

Who Should Read This Document?

Anyone building applications for Mac OS X should read and become familiar with the contents of this document. This document combines information on the mechanics of designing a great user interface with fundamental software design principles and information on leveraging Mac OS X technologies.

所有在 Mac OS X 上开发应用程序的程序员都应该阅读并熟悉本文档。本文档不仅包括了如何设计一个良好的用户接口的机制，还包括基本的软件设计原则以及如果利用 Mac OS X 的技术的信息。

本文档的组织结构

Organization of This Document

The document is divided into three main parts, each of which contains several chapters:

本文档被分为三个主要部分，每部分包含几个章节：

• The first part, “Application Design Fundamentals” describes the fundamental design principles to keep in mind while designing an application.
  第一部分，“应用程序设计基础”描述了在设计应用程序时的基本设计原则。
• The second part, “The Macintosh Experience” discusses many of the Mac OS X technologies that users are accustomed to using. You can take advantage of these technologies to streamline your development process and ensure that your application is well-behaved in the context of the operating system as a whole.
  第二部分，“Macintosh体验”讨论了很多用户经常使用的 Mac OS X 技术。您可以利用这些技术来简化您的开发过程并确保您的应用程序作为整个操作系统的一部分具有良好的行为。
• The third part, “The Aqua Interface” describes the Mac OS X Aqua user interface. It explains the specific user interface components available to you and includes extensive guidelines on how to use and implement them in your application.
  第三部分，“Aqua用户接口”描述了 Mac OS X 上的 Aqua 用户接口。该部分描述了特定的用户接口组件以及在您的应用程序中如何使用和实现这些组件。

Supplementary information is provided in the following locations:

本文档还提供了一些附加信息：

• A listing of the recommended and reserved keyboard shortcuts for Mac OS X, in “Keyboard Shortcuts Quick Reference.”
  “快捷键快速参考指南”提供了 Mac OS X 推荐的以及保留使用的键盘快捷键列表。
• A summary of the changes made to this document in its various incarnations appears in “Document Revision History.”
  “文档更新记录”记录了本文档的更新历史。
• A listing of the terms used in this document, along with their definitions, is provided in the “Glossary.”
  “术语表”提供了本文档使用的一些专业术语以及它们的定义。

本文档的一些习惯用法

Conventions Used in This Document

Throughout this document, certain conventions are used to provide additional information:

在本文档中，一些习惯用法被用来提供额外的信息：

Some of the example images include visual cues to note whether a particular implementation is appropriate or not:

一些图像被用来提示特定的实现是否合适：

• indicates an example of the correct way to use an interface element.
  表示正确的使用方式。
• indicates an example of the wrong way to use an interface element. An example accompanied by this symbol often illustrates common mistakes.
  表示错误的使用方式。具有该符号的例子一般是一些常见的错误用法。

Bold text indicates that a new term is being defined and that a definition of the word or phrase appears in the glossary.

粗体表示一个新定义的，出现在术语表中的术语。

Apple developer documentation is available from the Reference Library on the Apple Developer Connection (ADC) website:
所有 Apple 的开发文档都在苹果开发者联盟（ADC）的参考库中找到：

http://developer.apple.com/referencelibrary/

In this document, cross-references to Apple documents look like this:

See Accessibility Overview.

在本文档中，对文档的交叉引用如下所示：

参考 Accessibility Overview.

Cross-references to API reference documentation on specific methods or classes look like this:

See NSButton.

对特定方法和类的 API 参考文档的交叉引用如下所示：

参考 NSButton.

参考

See Also

To get an overview of the technologies available in Mac OS X, you should read Mac OS X Technology Overview.

建议您阅读 Mac OS X 技术概述对 Mac OS X 的技术有一个总体印象。

The Apple Developer Connection Reference Library website at http://developer.apple.com/referencelibrary/ has links to API reference and conceptual documentation for many of the topics discussed in this book.

苹果开发者联盟参考库的 web 站点 http://developer.apple.com/referencelibrary/ 有本文档中讨论的很多 API 和文档的链接。

If you are using Xcode, you can peruse the Reference Library without leaving the Xcode development environment. In the Xcode Help menu, choose Documentation to open a document-viewing window. (For more information about using Xcode, see Xcode User Guide.)

如果您使用Xcode，您可以在Xcode的开发环境用使用参考库。在Xcode的帮助菜单中，选择文档菜单项来打开一个查看文档的窗口（使用Xcode更多信息清参考Xcode用户指南）。

The Apple Developer Connection User Experience website at http://developer.apple.com/ue contains regularly updated information about user experience design for Mac OS X.

苹果开发者联盟用户体验的 web 站点 http://developer.apple.com/ue 包含了平常关于Mac OS X人机接口设计的更新信息。

The Apple Publications Style Guide provides information helpful for choosing the correct language and terminology to use throughout your application in text displays and dialogs as well as your documentation.

Apple 出版格式指南如何在帮助文档以及文字显示和对话框中选择正确的语言和术语的帮助信息。

To receive notification of updates to this document and others, you can sign up for Apple Developer Connection’s free Online Program and receive the weekly ADC News email newsletter. For more details about the Online Program, see http://developer.apple.com/membership.

如您新希望收到本文档或其他文档的更新的通知，您可以注册成苹果开发者联盟的免费会员，这样就可以收到ADC的每周新闻。关于在线会员的更多信息请参考 http://developer.apple.com/membership。

注释与引用

1. ^ 这里与英文原版的版本号并不对应，因为官方中文版的更新比原文落后了一年多。我们将在未来逐步进行非官方修订，以保持同步。——UXGuide.net 注