Space bar

Space

Show or hide the Spotlight search field (when multiple languages are installed, may rotate through enabled script systems).

Space

Apple reserved.

Space

Show the Spotlight search results window (when multiple languages are installed, may rotate through keyboard layouts and input methods within a script).

Space

Apple reserved.

Tab

Tab

Navigate through controls in a reverse direction. See “Keyboard Focus and Navigation.”

Tab

Move forward to the next most recently used application in a list of open applications.

Tab

Move backward through a list of open applications (sorted by recent use).

Tab

Move focus to the next grouping of controls in a dialog or the next table (when Tab moves to the next cell). See Accessibility Overview.

Tab

Move focus to the previous grouping of controls. See Accessibility Overview.

Esc

Esc

Open Front Row.

Esc

Open the Force Quit dialog.

Eject

Eject

Quit all applications (after giving the user a chance to save changes to open documents) and restart the computer.

Eject

Quit all applications (after giving the user a chance to save changes to open documents) and shut the computer down.

F1

F1

Toggle full keyboard access on or off. See Accessibility Overview.

F2

F2

Move focus to the menu bar. See Accessibility Overview.

F3

F3

Move focus to the Dock. See Accessibility Overview.

F4

F4

Move focus to the active (or next) window. See Accessibility Overview.

F4

Move focus to the previously active window. See Accessibility Overview.

F5

F5

Move focus to the toolbar. See Accessibility Overview.

F5

Turn VoiceOver on or off. See Accessibility Overview.

F6

F6

Move focus to the first (or next) panel. See Accessibility Overview.

F6

Move focus to the previous panel. See Accessibility Overview.

F7

F7

Temporarily override the current keyboard access mode in windows and dialogs. See Accessibility Overview.

F8

Tile or untile all enabled spaces.

F9

Tile or untile all open windows.

F10

Tile or untile all open windows in the currently active application.

F11

Hide or show all open windows.

F12

Hide or display Dashboard.

`(grave accent)

`

Activate the next open window in the frontmost application. See “Window Layering.”

`

Activate the previous open window in the frontmost application. See “Window Layering.”

`

Move focus to the window drawer.

- (hyphen)

-

Decrease the size of the selected item (equivalent to the Smaller command). See “The Format Menu.”

-

Zoom out when screen zooming is on. See Accessibility Overview.

{ (left bracket)

{

Left-align a selection (equivalent to the Align Left command). See “The Format Menu.”

} (right bracket)

}

Right-align a selection (equivalent to the Align Right command). See “The Format Menu.”

| (pipe)

|

Center-align a selection (equivalent to the Align Center command). See “The Format Menu.”

: (colon)

:

Display the Spelling window (equivalent to the Spelling command). See “The Edit Menu.”

; (semicolon)

;

Find misspelled words in the document (equivalent to the Check Spelling command). See “The Edit Menu.”

, (comma)

,

Open the application's preferences window (equivalent to the Preferences command). See “The Application Menu.”

,

Decrease screen contrast. See Accessibility Overview.

. (period)

.

Increase screen contrast. See Accessibility Overview.

? (question mark)

?

Open the application's help in Help Viewer. See “The Help Menu.”

/ (forward slash)

/

Turn font smoothing on or off.

= (equal sign)

=

Increase the size of the selected item (equivalent to the Bigger command). See “The Format Menu.”

=

Zoom in when screen zooming is on. See Accessibility Overview.

3

3

Capture the screen to a file.

3

Capture the screen to the Clipboard.

4

4

Capture a selection to a file.

4

Capture a selection to the Clipboard.

8

8

Turn screen zooming on or off. See Accessibility Overview.

8

Invert the screen colors. See Accessibility Overview.

A

A

Highlight every item in a document or window, or all characters in a text field (equivalent to the Select All command). See “The Edit Menu.”

B

B

Boldface the selected text or toggle boldfaced text on and off (equivalent to the Bold command). See “The Edit Menu.”

C

C

Duplicate the selected data and store on the Clipboard (equivalent to the Copy command). See “The Edit Menu.”

C

Display the Colors window (equivalent to the Show Colors command). See “The Format Menu.”

C

Copy the style of the selected text (equivalent to the Copy Style command). See “The Format Menu.”

C

Copy the formatting settings of the selected item and store on the Clipboard (equivalent to the Copy Ruler command). See “The Format Menu.”

D

D

Show or hide the Dock. See “The Dock.”

D

Display the definition of the selected word in the Dictionary application.

E

E

Use the selection for a find operation. See “Find Windows.”

F

F

Open a Find window (equivalent to the Find command). See “The Edit Menu.”

F

Jump to the search field control. See “Search Fields.”

G

G

Find the next occurrence of the selection (equivalent to the Find Next command). See “The Edit Menu.”

G

Find the previous occurrence of the selection (equivalent to the Find Previous command). See “The Edit Menu.”

H

H

Hide the windows of the currently running application (equivalent to the Hide ApplicationName command). See “The Application Menu.”

H

Hide the windows of all other running applications (equivalent to the Hide Others command). See “The Application Menu.”

I

I

Italicize the selected text or toggle italic text on or off (equivalent to the Italic command). See “The Format Menu.”

I

Display an Info window. See “Inspector Windows.”

I

Display an inspector window. See “Inspector Windows.”

J

J

Scroll to a selection.

M

M

Minimize the active window to the Dock (equivalent to the Minimize command). See “The Window Menu.”

M

Minimize all windows of the active application to the Dock (equivalent to the Minimize All command). See “The Window Menu.”

N

N

Open a new document (equivalent to the New command). See “The File Menu.”

O

O

Display a dialog for choosing a document to open (equivalent to the Open command). See “The File Menu.”

P

P

Display the Print dialog (equivalent to the Print command). See “The File Menu.”

P

Display a dialog for specifying printing parameters (equivalent to the Page Setup command). See “The File Menu.”

Q

Q

Quit the application (equivalent to the Quit command). See “The Application Menu.”

Q

Log out the current user (equivalent to the Log Out command).

Q

Log out the current user without confirmation.

S

S

Save the active document (equivalent to the Save command). See “The File Menu.”

S

Display the Save dialog (equivalent to the Save As command). See “The File Menu.”

T

T

Display the Fonts window (equivalent to the Show Fonts command). See “The Format Menu.”

T

Show or hide a toolbar (equivalent to the Show/Hide Toolbar command). See “The View Menu” and “Toolbars.”

U

U

Underline the selected text or turn underlining on or off (equivalent to the Underline command). See “The Format Menu.”

V

V

Insert the Clipboard contents at the insertion point (equivalent to the Paste command). See “The File Menu.”

V

Apply the style of one object to the selected object (equivalent to the Paste Style command). See “The Format Menu.”

V

Apply the style of the surrounding text to the inserted object (equivalent to the Paste and Match Style command). See “The Edit Menu.”

V

Apply formatting settings to the selected object (equivalent to the Paste Ruler command). See “The Format Menu.”

W

W

Close the active window (equivalent to the Close command). See “The File Menu.”

W

Close a file and its associated windows (equivalent to the Close File command). See “The File Menu.”

W

Close all windows in the application (equivalent to the Close All command). See “The File Menu.”

X

X

Remove the selection and store on the Clipboard (equivalent to the Cut command). See “The Edit Menu.”

Z

Z

Reverse the effect of the user's previous operation (equivalent to the Undo command). See “The Edit Menu.”

Z

Reverse the effect of the last Undo command (equivalent to the Redo command). See “The Edit Menu.”

(right arrow)

Change the keyboard layout to current layout of Roman script.

Extend selection to the next semantic unit, typically the end of the current line.

Extend selection one character to the right.

Extend selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the next word.

Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table. See Accessibility Overview.

(left arrow)

Change the keyboard layout to current layout of system script.

Extend selection to the previous semantic unit, typically the beginning of the current line.

Extend selection one character to the left.

Extend selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the previous word.

Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table. See Accessibility Overview.

(up arrow)

Extend selection upward in the next semantic unit, typically the beginning of the document.

Extend selection to the line above, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location.

Extend selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the next paragraph.

Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table. See Accessibility Overview.

(down arrow)

Extend selection downward in the next semantic unit, typically the end of the document.

Extend selection to the line below, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location.

Extend selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the next paragraph (include the paragraph terminator, such as Return, in cut, copy, and paste operations).

Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table. See Accessibility Overview.